Alpine climbing

Free Climbing
In free climbing only the hands and feet are used as part of progression. It should be mentioned that a helmet is a recommended item. Also used are so-called cat feet. These are a type of shoe that adapts well to the feet.

The soles are thick enough to avoid being punctured by any objects, and are made of cooked rubber, which provides adhesion, provided that the rock is not wet. It is for this reason that escalation in certain places should not take place in the morning because of the dew that moistens the wall. With this form of free climbing rest is forbidden, and if the climber falls he must repeat the length from the beginning.

Alpine climbing
This type of climbing is held in high mountains. One is required to be an expert climber because of the complications that could occur, which can result from factors such as physical ability, lack of insurance, unreliable fixed rock, weather, a complicated fall, and so on.

Ice climbing is done in areas where ice cascades are formed, and it is one of the most dangerous. It progresses with specific tools: axes and crampons, and ensure they are used ice screws.

Mixed climbing (rock and ice)
This category of “free climbing” includes sport climbing and traditional rock climbing, provided the latter is ascended using ice climbing techniques and equipment.

Classic Climbing
Classic climbing is pursued in the traditional Alpine fashion, i.e., up a mountain on which the first of the roped party’s insurance is installed, using either natural anchors (trees, rock bridges, rock tips) or artificial recoverable anchors (nails, embedded knots, fisureros, friends, etc.,). The classic climbing bindings are generally installed in crevices (simplicity), such as friends, fisureros, and pythons, but occasionally insurances popularly known as SPITS are placed that offer better guarantees.

Spits are self-drilling expansion bolts, and mainly allow for multidirectional traction. To use these bolts it is necessary to manually drill a hole approximately three centimeters in depth using a notched stick. While requiring a much longer setup time, when used in combination with a set of connectors (or ring sheet anchors and clips), spits that attach to cracks form an artificial anchor that will more effectively halt a slide.

The bolt itself is not recoverable, unlike the attachments for cracks, though the bearing plate or ring to join the carabiner is. After removing it (the plate or ring), the orifice with female threads of the cue is the only piece left in the wall. Generally, installing expansion anchors (such as spits and parabolts) is avoided in classic climbing, though often must be used in passages are difficult to ascend naturally.

Sport climbing
Style anchors previously fixed to the wall (usually in compact rock and away from edges or cracks, using mechanical-expansion-or chemical-epoxy-resin) are placed strategically on the wall, and serve to ensure climbers with more versatility than a friend or a fisurero so one can focus much more on technique or some difficult steps.

Sport climbing is characterized by significantly reducing the risk of the climber. This approach generally seeks areas with relatively accessible and not necessarily high walls, which have equipped routes of varying degrees of difficulty. Generally, these pathways are “clean” of weeds and stones that are liable to break loose, which aids in climbing safety. The escalation of the approach is often difficult for itself and the beauty of movement.

The type of sport climbing is identical to that developed in wall climbing, unless the latter use dams to form grips the rock provides a natural way. The dams are made of synthetic resins with good adhesion, and imitate natural forms depending on the difficulty you want to achieve, but have the disadvantage of gradually wearing and becoming smooth. This problem is accentuated if not using proper footwear.

For ethical reasons alteration of the natural environment in order to facilitate the ascent is usually banned or censored. If one finds a level of rock climbing too difficult, a lower level should be sought rather that altering artificially.

Great wall (Big Wall)
Great wall, or big wall, climbing usually lasts several days thus requiring hammocks to sleep, food, and so on. For this type of climbing, climbing techniques and equipment are used, although lately serious and long climbs have been made in full as free climbs.

Climbing wall climbing
In aid climbing all types of materials are used as fissure and pythons to help raise, not only as protection, i.e., the material can also be used to progress. In the absence of natural prey, clamps are placed (the type is determined by loading and rock conditions) with staggered stirrups that attach to the climber. It is a type of slow and laborious climbing, and also necessarily uses much material. It is the only way to reach certain places, and is still widely used-for example-by cavers to explore windows hung on walls and ceilings of caves.

Only integral
Only integral climbing is also known by natural escalation. This type is famous for climbing without ropes or insurance or any kind. There is no protection that can save the climber if he makes a mistake and falls.

Climbing solo
Solo climbing is called self-insured; one climbs a rope but without a partner. There are various techniques for self-insurance, from classical to the knots (in which the climber is tying a knot as he progresses), to modern self-insurance devices (Silent Partner, Soloist, Solo).

The technique is to fix one end of the rope at the base of the track (either to a natural anchor, like a tree or rock bridge, or to an anchor for expansion if the track is fitted) and installing insurance up through which one passes the rope. It is attached to the climber through the nodes or devices discussed. This method requires twice as much time to climb, since it is necessary to rappel down to retrieve the string and insurance yourself, and then re-upload to start the next installment.

Bouldering
Boulder, Boulder English: climbing block. This is a single integral form in which the climber never rises far enough for a fall to pose serious problems. That is, the block is a few meters high with the fall insured (usually) with a mat (crash pad) to avoid shocks or with a partner mindful of his fall. The boulder can be done in rock or on an artificial surface of plywood, to which holes are opened with a borehole for holding prey using a type of thread called peanut, which helps the dam not move to the sides.

The boulders also can be of plastics and pure rock; the main thing is they are not too high so the climber can land softly on the mat. One of the latest trends, Psicobloc bouldering, is being done in walls on the water (on a reservoir, sea, etc.). Here, water is used to cushion the fall.